for salmon a single hander is way better. most salmon you would target with the fly take a stripped fly over a swung fly (coho, pink, chum) Chinook are pretty tough going on a fly because of the deeper water they sit in. glo bug style is effective however your gear rod would be easier to use.
spey rod is better for steelhead for ease of use however a single hander is very doable and on smaller flows probably even better
salmon I would stick to 7-8wt single hander. something 9'6"-10' in length to make casting sink tips easier. a fast action rod will also make it easier
spey for steelhead anything 6-8wt is good and 12-14' There is no reason to break the bank. A well matched setup (rod/reel/line) will cast just as well. only difference is some of the higher end rods may weigh less or have a slightly crisper feel to them
lessons will of course ease the learning curve and you may not pick up bad habits if taught properly right off the bat
price wise you could honestly spend whatever you want by shopping around. my dads entire spey setup cost him around $500 (Amundson 8wt spey, Pfleuger President reel, backing, slickshooter and an SA extreme 520 shooting head)
think about your reel and what you want in regards to click/pawl or disc drag.
where are you located Vancook ?