1) Probably your best best for all types of fishing is a levelwind combo. That way you can float fish and chuck metal, and if you really wanted probably chuck jigs as well. I'd recommend an Abu/Ambassadeur reel. Great reels for the price, and the 2 I have had have lasted me at least 3 years each. Rods, I like more whippy/noodly rods. I'd get something rated 8-12 or the likes. I find rods that are faster action and sensitive are easier to find in the states, Cabela's has some good ones. I also like St Croix rods.
2) The best opportunity in the lower mainland is for salmon and steelhead. Almost every river around will hold some limited winter run fisheries. You can use habitat wizard to search stream names and see if they contain steelhead. If they do, go have a look. Salmon are also in most places as well. Trout will be in most rivers around as well, and char have really taken off in the past few years (I have found), and can be fun to target and a great way to save the day (especially when out steelheading early season). I'll leave the finding flows up to you, as most people work hard to find their areas (plus it's not the greatest idea to post about most flows unless it's the Vedder or some already over exposed, heavily pressured system that can sustain itself). Never under estimate talking to locals or old timers, especially on less known rivers you have chosen to explore on your own, you'd be surprised what people will tell you when they see you out there on those little flows!
3) I like the way that Easywater broke it down so here's what I fish month by month the most:
January: Winter steelhead on a number of flows, Bull trout
February: Winter steelhead again
March: Winter steelhead, Bulls, Cutties
April: Winter steelhead, Bulls, Cutties
May: Summer steelhead, Cutties, interior rainbows, carp
June: Summer steelhead, cutties, interior rainbows, carp, pikeminnow
July: Summer steelhead, bulls and bows
August: Summer steelhead, bulls and bows, chinook
September: Summer steelhead, pinks, coho, chinook, cutties
October: Pretty much all summer steelhead and coho, some chinook and chrome chum fishing, cutties
November: Fall run steelhead, early winters, late coho, cutties
December: All steelhead fishing
A side note here... don't just stick to the mainland, see if you can plan some trips to the island, especially during October. The summer run steelhead, stream cutthroat fishing and coho fishing can be absolutely fantastic (we're talking days of 50-60 coho to the beach, 10+ steelhead to the beach if you hit it right). Not to mention, the scenery and seclusion (never seeing anyone) is what it's all about!
Good luck with the search! It's super rewarding once you start figuring it out. I found the more I figured things out by myself, the more rewarding it was rather than taking hand outs. Fish hard, talk with old timers a lot, and get out and explore. The more you go out exploring and not expecting to catch anything - the more you'll be rewarded with catching down the road.
Cheers,
Dan