I'm no expert but have some experience, if you want a good all purpose rod that you can try on a variety of fish and conditions a 5 wt. or a 6wt(if you plan on some larger species) will do you just fine. I use a 4 on the interior lakes and cutties down here but switch to the 8 come coho/pink/spring time. A 6 is a good compromise if you want to experience all of it with one rod. You mentioned not going for a sage, but I'm a fan of sage rods, and their inexpensive ones are very good too, I have cast their "launch" in a 6 wt, it felt pretty nice and was much lighter than some of the other 6's around. They won't break the bank anyways and you'll be into something that will last you a good long time. Get something less and you'll probably just spend the money on a sage or equiv. eventually anyways! As for lines a floating line will do you for just about everything if use some ingenuity. The little float thing is a strike indicator (probably), used when chironomid fishing or nymphing. Floating line is what you'd be using for that also
I've always had good luck with scientific anglers (SA) lines. Not so much with airflo. For reels, good bang for your buck is pfleuger or dragonfly reels, the nice thing about dragonfly is that their distributor (redisports) is here in burnaby and are very good with warranty. I had a problem resolved the same day resulting in a brand new reel....and they let me keep my old spool too. Hope that helps? Good luck, you're going to love it