In BC we have two basic licences: freshwater and saltwater. For the capilano and Vedder you will need a freshwater licence. A freshwater licence is good for the whole province for freshwater fisheries. However, if you plan to retain salmon, you will need to also buy a salmon tag (which you can do at the same time as you buy the licence). Here is the link to buy a freshwater licence:
http://www.fishing.gov.bc.caIf you plan to fish in saltwater, or in the tidal portion of the Fraser river, you will also need a saltwater licence (through the DFO). As a visitor, prices are pretty steep so probably a good idea to plan. You need to also print out the licence and carry it with you.
It's salmon season so if you want to fly fish for salmon you are best with a 8 weight and a sink tip line. An 8 weight is a good all round salmon rod, but a 7 will do if you don't have an 8. Vedder has way more fish but the crowds can be bad, esp on weekends, and it's a good 90 min drive fr Vancouver. As far as trout go, it's pretty slow right now in the rivers, with a few exceptions.
Lots if options and some great fishing around Vancouver, especially if you rent a car and are happy to explore.
Lake season for trout is slow right now. It's worth checking out the locations page on this website too as Rod has lots of great info on places to fish.
Enjoy your trip!