I think catching the same fish twice happens more often than people think. I have started taking pics of the right side of fish on the head and the adipose (maybe along with an identifiable scar, etc) on smaller systems where I think recaps might be high.
Last year, I had a memorable occurrence with my buddy on a small system. Fished one pool for about 15 mins with spoons before a fish finally committed. It was a fairly large buck in the 10 pound range, missing half a gill cover (operculum). We released it, high fived and started fishing again. My first cast back in I landed the same fish again on the same spoon.
Another time on a different river, I hit a super hot doe first cast through a run on a 6 inch pink worm. Released her, picked my doe back up, and hit her the the very next cast on an in close drift. Thought I had hit bottom/a stick the second time as she easily came in without as much as a headshake. Some fish never learn.