Thank you for the detailed explanation. Does the "largest weight of terminal gear" require just a heavier power in the rod, or does the fast/slow action matter as well?
I know I'm asking a lot of questions and not learning very fast. I am not the sharpest hook in the tackle box.
Honestly, don't get too worked up about the rod specs. You want something 9 feet or close to that, with enough backbone to bring in your targeted species without overstressing the fish too much. I like option B, followed by option A. But either will do, and another rod with specs close to these rods will be fine as well.
I like lighter spinning rods for tossing lures for pinks and coho as they cast lighter lures better (farther) and you get a more enjoyable fight out of the fish.
I have 2 spinning rods I use for this purpose. Both 9 feet. One is a medium-light Shimano Clairus, the other a medium heavy Shimano Convergence. I use the Clairus for tossing small spoons and spinners in slow moving water. The other I use for bigger lures in faster water and twitching jigs.
As for line one reel has 20lb brain, Suffix 832. It's awesome! You get an excellent feel for the action of the lure. I typically run the braid to a swivel and then a 3ish foot mono leader, typically 12lb test.
My other reel is just straight mono. 12lb Berkley XL. It's great as a mainline on spinning reels. Don't get the XT that's more for leaders for gear fishing. It will cast like crap if you use it as mainline on a spinning reel.