A new study concludes that after 50 years and 9 billion dollars of public money, no significant improvements have been made in salmon and steelhead numbers in the Upper Columbia River basin. In some cases efforts have made matters worse for wild fish.
The study published July 28 in the journal PLOS One, was lead by William Jaeger, an economist with Oregon State University and Mark Scheuerell, fisheries biologist with the US Geological Survey & The University of Washington and looked at 50 years of salmon and steelhead passage over Bonneville Dam, the last of 14 dams on the Columbia River before it empties into the Pacific Ocean. The two also reviewed decades of spending on habitat restoration and hatcheries programs in the river basin, meant to save the species from extinction.
Overall while returns of fish raised in hatcheries saw a small increase, wild returns of salmon and steelhead did not. They also found hatchery fish in some cases spread disease, competed for food with wild fish and were also observed to prey on smaller wild fish.
https://www.opb.org/article/2023/08/05/columbia-river-salmon-habitat-spending-study/"There are about 200 salmon hatchery programs in the Columbia River Basin, and 80% of all salmon and steelhead that return to the Columbia River as adults started their lives in hatcheries, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration fisheries division.
The cost to taxpayers to maintain these hatcheries during the last 40 years has been about $9 billion when adjusted for inflation, according to Jaeger. This does not include any of the money spent by local governments or nonprofits and nongovernment agencies.
“We found no evidence in the data that the restoration spending is associated with a net increase in wild fish abundance,” Jaeger said."